10 Proven Study Techniques Backed by Science

Introduction

Not all study methods are created equal. Research in cognitive science has revealed which techniques actually work—and which are just wasting your time.

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The Top 10 Techniques

1. Active Recall

Instead of passively re-reading notes, actively test yourself. Close your book and try to remember what you just learned. This strengthens neural pathways and improves long-term retention.

2. Spaced Repetition

Don't cram everything in one session. Space out your study sessions over time. Review material at increasing intervals: 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks.

3. The Feynman Technique

Explain concepts in simple terms as if teaching a child. If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough.

4. Interleaving

Mix different topics or types of problems in one study session instead of focusing on just one. This improves your ability to differentiate between concepts.

5. Elaborative Interrogation

Ask "why" and "how" questions about the material. Connecting new information to existing knowledge strengthens memory.

6. Self-Explanation

Explain your reasoning process as you work through problems. This helps identify gaps in understanding.

7. Practice Testing

Take practice exams under realistic conditions. This not only tests knowledge but improves recall through the testing effect.

8. Distributed Practice

Short, frequent study sessions beat long, infrequent ones. Aim for 25-50 minute sessions with breaks.

9. Dual Coding

Combine verbal and visual information. Create diagrams, mind maps, or drawings to accompany written notes.

10. Retrieval Practice

Regularly practice retrieving information from memory, not just recognizing it. Use flashcards, write from memory, or teach others.

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What Doesn't Work

Highlighting (passive, doesn't engage memory)

Re-reading (feels productive but isn't)

Summarizing (without active recall)

Cramming (poor for long-term retention)

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Conclusion

The best students aren't necessarily the smartest—they're the ones who study smarter. Incorporate these evidence-based techniques into your routine and watch your grades improve.