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SAT revision notes: transitions, evidence and linear equations

SAT practice test 3, mistake log: Reading and Writing Q12 and Q19, Math Q8

1. Reading and Writing, Q12: choosing a transition

• Read the sentence before and the sentence after the blank first.
• Decide the relationship between them before you look at the options.
• In your passage, the second sentence goes against what the first sentence leads you to expect, so it needs a contrast word.

A transition must name the logical link between two ideas, so the choice depends on that link, not on whether the word sounds right.

Relationship	Words to use	Use when the second sentence
Contrast	however, nevertheless, by contrast, still	goes against the first
Cause and effect	therefore, thus, as a result, consequently	is a result of the first
Adding a point	moreover, furthermore, in addition	adds a similar point
Example	for instance, for example	illustrates the first

Trampa de examen: picking a cause-and-effect word just because the first sentence describes an effect.

Ponte a prueba: A sentence says a new road was built, and the next says traffic jams increased. Which relationship fits, and why?

2. Reading and Writing, Q19: evidence for a claim

• Evidence must support the exact claim, including every part of it.
• Your claim had two parts: shops and long run.
• A quote about traffic moving more slowly is on-topic but does not show shop sales.
• Same topic is not enough when the evidence misses part of the claim.

Quote	Supports "helped Elm Street shops in the long run"?
Traffic moved more slowly	No: it is about traffic, not shop sales
Sales were 9 percent higher three years later than before the lanes opened	Yes: it shows shop sales over the long run

Evidence is judged by what it proves, so timing and group matter as much as the subject.

Trampa de examen: choosing a quote that matches the topic but not the time frame or group named in the claim.

Ponte a prueba: A quote says shop sales rose in the first month after the lanes opened. Does it support the claim, and why?

3. Math, Q8: solving a system of linear equations

Equations: 2x + y = 11 and x - y = 1.

Stage	Input	Output
1. Line up x and y	both equations	terms in matching columns
2. Add or subtract to cancel one variable	aligned equations	one-variable equation
3. Solve for that variable	one-variable equation	value of x
4. Substitute back	value of x and one equation	value of y
5. Check in BOTH equations	values of x and y	confirmed pair
6. Answer the question asked	x and y	the requested value

Ejemplo resuelto: 2x + y = 11 x - y = 1 Add the equations: 3x = 12 Solve: x = 4 Substitute into x - y = 1: 4 - y = 1, so y = 3 Check: 2(4) + 3 = 11 and 4 - 3 = 1 The question asks for x + y: x + y = 7 One-line check: 4 + 3 = 7, and both original equations hold.

Adding cancels y because +y and -y sum to zero, leaving one unknown. Substituting puts the known value into the simpler equation.

Trampa de examen: stopping at x = 4 when the question asks for x + y.

Ponte a prueba: Solve 3x + y = 10 and x - y = 2 for x + y, and say why the check matters.

Lista para el examen

• Read the sentences either side of a transition blank before reading the options.
• Name the relationship (contrast, result, addition, example) before choosing the word.
• Test evidence against every part of the claim, including timing.
• Reject a quote that is on-topic but answers a different question.
• In equations, add or subtract to cancel one variable first.
• Check your values in both original equations.
• Re-read the question to see whether it asks for x, y, or a combination.

Repaso en un minuto

Each question came down to matching what was asked. The transition needed a contrast word because the second sentence opposed the first. The evidence needed to cover the whole claim, including the long-run timing. The equations gave x = 4 and y = 3, but the question wanted x + y, which is 7. Always finish by answering the exact question.

Respuestas de «Ponte a prueba»

1. Cause and effect, so "as a result" or "therefore" fits. The second sentence describes a consequence of the new road, so the link is a result.
2. No. The quote covers the first month, but the claim is about the long run, so it misses the timing.
3. x + y = 4. Adding gives 4x = 12, so x = 3, and x - y = 2 gives y = 1. The check 3(3) + 1 = 10 and 3 - 1 = 2 confirms both values before you add them.